Fundamental v0.10.1
research Fundamental research Zach Shallbetter

References (running bibliography)

Shared bibliography for the Fundamental paper family. Markdown now; exported to references.bib when papers convert to LaTeX. This pass resolves the former citation backlog into real named sources, standards, or documentation. If a claim cannot be supported by a real source, the paper text must say so directly rather than inventing a reference. Papers cite by the [key] in brackets.

Primary sources (this repository)

The papers treat the codebase and canonical docs as primary evidence, cited inline by path. Anchors:

  • [fundamental-site] Fundamental public site and docs — https://fundamental-engine.com. Public product framing: renderer-agnostic relational field engine; DOM as first surface, not the only surface; packages under @fundamental-engine/*.
  • [fundamental-engine-repo] Fundamental monorepo — packages/core, packages/dom, packages/{elements,react,vanilla,three} and related adapters.
  • [fundamental-engine-contracts] docs/canonical/system-contracts.md — the hard contracts.
  • [fundamental-engine-platform] docs/canonical/platform-architecture.md — scheduler + registries.
  • [fundamental-engine-natural] docs/canonical/natural-fields.md — the four-field translation system.
  • [fundamental-engine-fieldtable] docs/canonical/fundamental-field-behavior-table.md — field/force laws.
  • [fundamental-engine-interaction] docs/canonical/interaction-and-relationship-model.md — agents, attention, reading, AI use cases.
  • [fundamental-engine-recipes] docs/canonical/authoring-and-recipes.md — the pattern schema + 64-recipe gallery.
  • [fundamental-engine-forces] docs/engine-reference/forces-system.md — the as-built engine spec.
  • [fundamental-engine-formulas] docs/engine-reference/forces-formulas.md — per-force math.
  • [fundamental-engine-physics] docs/engine-reference/physics-workover.md — the physics-correctness pass.

Key shipped-code anchors cited by the papers: packages/core/src/engine/dom-boundary.test.ts (empty allowlist), packages/core/src/engine/integrator.ts, packages/core/src/contracts/passport.ts, packages/core/src/config/manual.ts, packages/dom/src/schedule.ts, packages/dom/src/metrics.ts, packages/dom/src/bind-data.ts, packages/core/src/recipes/{catalog,schema}.ts, apps/site/src/pages/docs/reading-field.astro, apps/site/src/pages/docs/studies/evidence-field.astro.

External literature and standards

Force-directed layout, physical metaphors, and field coordination

  • [eades1984] P. Eades, “A heuristic for graph drawing,” Congressus Numerantium, 42, 149–160, 1984.
  • [fruchterman1991] T. M. J. Fruchterman and E. M. Reingold, “Graph drawing by force-directed placement,” Software: Practice and Experience, 21(11), 1129–1164, 1991. DOI: 10.1002/spe.4380211102.
  • [bostock2011] M. Bostock, V. Ogievetsky, and J. Heer, “D³: Data-Driven Documents,” IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 17(12), 2301–2309, 2011. DOI: 10.1109/TVCG.2011.185.
  • [d3force] M. Bostock, “d3-force: Force-directed graph layout using velocity Verlet integration,” D3 module documentation. https://github.com/d3/d3-force.
  • [grasse1959] P.-P. Grassé, “La reconstruction du nid et les coordinations interindividuelles chez Bellicositermes natalensis et Cubitermes sp.; la théorie de la stigmergie,” Insectes Sociaux, 6, 41–80, 1959. DOI: 10.1007/BF02223791.
  • [dorigo2006] M. Dorigo, M. Birattari, and T. Stützle, “Ant colony optimization,” IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine, 1(4), 28–39, 2006. DOI: 10.1109/MCI.2006.329691.
  • [heer2010] J. Heer, S. K. Card, and J. A. Landay, “Prefuse: A toolkit for interactive information visualization,” in Readings in Information Visualization, Morgan Kaufmann, 2010; originally published in CHI 2005.

Reading, navigation, attention, and document orientation

  • [mangen2013] A. Mangen, B. R. Walgermo, and K. Brønnick, “Reading linear texts on paper versus computer screen: Effects on reading comprehension,” International Journal of Educational Research, 58, 61–68, 2013. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijer.2012.12.002.
  • [ackerman2011] R. Ackerman and M. Goldsmith, “Metacognitive regulation of text learning: On screen versus on paper,” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 17(1), 18–32, 2011. DOI: 10.1037/a0022086.
  • [clinton2019] V. Clinton, “Reading from paper compared to screens: A systematic review and meta-analysis,” Journal of Research in Reading, 42(2), 288–325, 2019. DOI: 10.1111/1467-9817.12269.
  • [conklin1987] J. Conklin, “Hypertext: An introduction and survey,” Computer, 20(9), 17–41, 1987. DOI: 10.1109/MC.1987.1663693.
  • [nielsen1990hypertext] J. Nielsen, Hypertext and Hypermedia, Academic Press, 1990.
  • [furnas1986] G. W. Furnas, “Generalized fisheye views,” in Proceedings of CHI ‘86, 16–23, 1986. DOI: 10.1145/22627.22342.
  • [shneiderman1996] B. Shneiderman, “The eyes have it: A task by data type taxonomy for information visualizations,” in Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages, 336–343, 1996. DOI: 10.1109/VL.1996.545307.
  • [pirolli1999] P. Pirolli and S. K. Card, “Information foraging,” Psychological Review, 106(4), 643–675, 1999. DOI: 10.1037/0033-295X.106.4.643.
  • [jurgens2016] D. Jurgens, S. Kumar, R. Hoover, D. McFarland, and D. Jurafsky, “Citation classification for behavioral analysis of a scientific field,” arXiv:1609.00435, 2016.
  • [boyack2018] K. W. Boyack, N. J. van Eck, G. Colavizza, and L. Waltman, “Characterizing in-text citations in scientific articles: A large-scale analysis,” arXiv:1710.03094, 2017.
  • [itti1998] L. Itti, C. Koch, and E. Niebur, “A model of saliency-based visual attention for rapid scene analysis,” IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 20(11), 1254–1259, 1998. DOI: 10.1109/34.730558.
  • [bailey2006] B. P. Bailey and J. A. Konstan, “On the need for attention-aware systems: Measuring effects of interruption on task performance, error rate, and affective state,” Computers in Human Behavior, 22(4), 685–708, 2006. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2005.12.009.
  • [mark2008] G. Mark, D. Gudith, and U. Klocke, “The cost of interrupted work: More speed and stress,” in Proceedings of CHI ‘08, 107–110, 2008. DOI: 10.1145/1357054.1357072.
  • [hornbaek2006] K. Hornbæk, “Current practice in measuring usability: Challenges to usability studies and research,” International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 64(2), 79–102, 2006. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2005.06.002.

Trust, evidence, uncertainty, and explainable AI

  • [lee2004] J. D. Lee and K. A. See, “Trust in automation: Designing for appropriate reliance,” Human Factors, 46(1), 50–80, 2004. DOI: 10.1518/hfes.46.1.50_30392.
  • [parasuraman1997] R. Parasuraman and V. Riley, “Humans and automation: Use, misuse, disuse, abuse,” Human Factors, 39(2), 230–253, 1997. DOI: 10.1518/001872097778543886.
  • [skitka1999] L. J. Skitka, K. L. Mosier, and M. Burdick, “Does automation bias decision-making?” International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 51(5), 991–1006, 1999. DOI: 10.1006/ijhc.1999.0252.
  • [goddard2012] K. Goddard, A. Roudsari, and J. C. Wyatt, “Automation bias: A systematic review of frequency, effect mediators, and mitigators,” Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 19(1), 121–127, 2012. DOI: 10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000089.
  • [hullman2019] J. Hullman, X. Qiao, M. Correll, A. Kale, and M. Kay, “In pursuit of error: A survey of uncertainty visualization evaluation,” IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 25(1), 903–913, 2019. DOI: 10.1109/TVCG.2018.2864889.
  • [kale2019] A. Kale, F. Nguyen, M. Kay, and J. Hullman, “Hypothetical outcome plots help untrained observers judge trends in ambiguous data,” IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 25(1), 892–902, 2019. DOI: 10.1109/TVCG.2018.2864909.
  • [fogg2003] B. J. Fogg et al., “How do users evaluate the credibility of Web sites? A study with over 2,500 participants,” in Proceedings of DUX ‘03, 2003. DOI: 10.1145/997078.997097.
  • [hovland1951] C. I. Hovland and W. Weiss, “The influence of source credibility on communication effectiveness,” Public Opinion Quarterly, 15(4), 635–650, 1951. DOI: 10.1086/266350.
  • [liu2023verifiability] N. F. Liu, T. Zhang, and P. Liang, “Evaluating verifiability in generative search engines,” arXiv:2304.09848, 2023.
  • [gao2023alce] T. Gao, H. Yen, J. Yu, and D. Chen, “Enabling large language models to generate text with citations,” arXiv:2305.14627, 2023.
  • [wallat2024faithfulness] J. Wallat, M. Heuss, M. de Rijke, and A. Anand, “Correctness is not faithfulness in RAG attributions,” arXiv:2412.18004, 2024.
  • [bansal2021] G. Bansal, T. Wu, J. Zhou, R. Fok, B. Nushi, E. Kamar, M. T. Ribeiro, and D. S. Weld, “Does the whole exceed its parts? The effect of AI explanations on complementary team performance,” in Proceedings of CHI ‘21, Article 81, 2021. DOI: 10.1145/3411764.3445717.
  • [bucinca2021] Z. Buçinca, M. B. Malaya, and K. Z. Gajos, “To trust or to think: Cognitive forcing functions can reduce overreliance on AI in AI-assisted decision-making,” Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 5(CSCW1), Article 188, 2021. DOI: 10.1145/3449287.
  • [kim2025llm] S. S. Y. Kim, J. W. Vaughan, Q. V. Liao, T. Lombrozo, and O. Russakovsky, “Fostering appropriate reliance on large language models: The role of explanations, sources, and inconsistencies,” arXiv:2502.08554, 2025.
  • [lim2009] B. Y. Lim and A. K. Dey, “Assessing demand for intelligibility in context-aware applications,” in Proceedings of Ubicomp ‘09, 195–204, 2009. DOI: 10.1145/1620545.1620576.
  • [kulesza2013] T. Kulesza, M. Burnett, W.-K. Wong, and S. Stumpf, “Principles of explanatory debugging to personalize interactive machine learning,” in Proceedings of IUI ‘15, 126–137, 2015. DOI: 10.1145/2678025.2701399.
  • [ragan2016] E. D. Ragan, A. Endert, J. Sanyal, and J. Chen, “Characterizing provenance in visualization and data analysis: An organizational framework of provenance types and purposes,” IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 22(1), 31–40, 2016. DOI: 10.1109/TVCG.2015.2467551.
  • [abdul2018] A. Abdul, J. Vermeulen, D. Wang, B. Y. Lim, and M. Kankanhalli, “Trends and trajectories for explainable, accountable and intelligible systems,” in Proceedings of CHI ‘18, Article 582, 2018. DOI: 10.1145/3173574.3174156.

Methods and instruments

  • [signal-detection] D. M. Green and J. A. Swets, Signal Detection Theory and Psychophysics, Wiley, 1966.
  • [brier1950] G. W. Brier, “Verification of forecasts expressed in terms of probability,” Monthly Weather Review, 78(1), 1–3, 1950. DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(1950)078<0001:VOFEIT>2.0.CO;2.
  • [guo2017calibration] C. Guo, G. Pleiss, Y. Sun, and K. Q. Weinberger, “On calibration of modern neural networks,” in Proceedings of ICML 2017, 1321–1330, 2017.
  • [hart1988] S. G. Hart and L. E. Staveland, “Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of empirical and theoretical research,” in P. A. Hancock and N. Meshkati (eds.), Human Mental Workload, North-Holland, 139–183, 1988. DOI: 10.1016/S0166-4115(08)62386-9.
  • [brooke1996] J. Brooke, “SUS: A quick and dirty usability scale,” in P. W. Jordan et al. (eds.), Usability Evaluation in Industry, Taylor & Francis, 189–194, 1996.
  • [baayen2008] R. H. Baayen, D. J. Davidson, and D. M. Bates, “Mixed-effects modeling with crossed random effects for subjects and items,” Journal of Memory and Language, 59(4), 390–412, 2008. DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2007.12.005.
  • [nosek2018] B. A. Nosek, C. R. Ebersole, A. C. DeHaven, and D. T. Mellor, “The preregistration revolution,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(11), 2600–2606, 2018. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1708274114.
  • [piaggio2012] G. Piaggio et al., “Reporting of noninferiority and equivalence randomized trials: Extension of the CONSORT 2010 statement,” JAMA, 308(24), 2594–2604, 2012. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2012.87802.

Web platform, rendering, accessibility, and motion

Runtime architecture, UI implementation, and testability

Authoring systems, patterns, and design/programming abstractions

  • [w3c-design-tokens] Design Tokens Community Group, “Design Tokens Format Module.” https://tr.designtokens.org/format/.
  • [fowler2004presentation] M. Fowler, “Presentation Model,” 2004. https://martinfowler.com/eaaDev/PresentationModel.html.
  • [fowler2010dsl] M. Fowler, Domain-Specific Languages, Addison-Wesley, 2010.
  • [react-docs-declarative] React, “Describing the UI” and “Your UI as a tree.” https://react.dev/learn/describing-the-ui.
  • [resnick2009scratch] M. Resnick et al., “Scratch: Programming for all,” Communications of the ACM, 52(11), 60–67, 2009. DOI: 10.1145/1592761.1592779.
  • [myers1990garnet] B. A. Myers et al., “Garnet: Comprehensive support for graphical, highly interactive user interfaces,” Computer, 23(11), 71–85, 1990. DOI: 10.1109/2.60882.

Data binding, data joins, and list virtualization

Expansion draft note

Papers 09–30 reuse existing bibliography keys where possible. New external claims go through the same source-verification process before submission.

Additional expansion anchors